中文导读
《安德罗斯女子》是泰伦提乌斯的第一部作品(公元前 166 年),改编自米南德的《安德罗斯女子》和《佩林托斯女子》。这种将两部希腊原剧融合为一部的手法,是泰伦提乌斯的标志性技术——他称之为"混杂"(contaminatio),当时有人批评他"糟蹋"了原作。
剧情是标准的"新喜剧"(New Comedy)套路:雅典青年潘菲卢斯(Pamphilus)爱上了邻居家的外乡女孩格吕克里乌姆(Glycerium),但他的父亲西米奥(Simo)已经为他安排了另一门婚事。潘菲卢斯的仆人达乌斯(Davus)帮他两面周旋,但谎言越编越大,最后几乎无法收场。关键时刻,一个戒指被发现,证明格吕克里乌姆其实是雅典公民的女儿——于是婚事可以顺理成章地改到她身上。
这种"通过身份揭示解决冲突"的情节模式后来成为欧洲喜剧的标准公式——从莎士比亚到博马舍的《费加罗的婚礼》都能看到它的影子。泰伦提乌斯的特别之处在于:他的角色有真正的心理深度。潘菲卢斯不是一个纯粹的"爱情英雄",他是一个在孝道和爱情之间痛苦挣扎的年轻人;达乌斯不是一个简单的"聪明仆人",他是一个为了帮主人而不得不撒谎的诚实人。
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Andria
Prologue
The poet says: I have made this play from two Greek originals—
the Andria and the Perinthia of Menander. Whoever thinks
that a play should be wholly original may find fault with me;
but I believe that what matters is whether the result is good.
Act I
Simo, an elderly Athenian, has arranged a marriage between his son
Pamphilus and the daughter of his neighbor Chremes. But Pamphilus
is in love with Glycerium, a girl from the island of Andros,
who lives next door with her guardian Chrysis.
SIMO: My son will marry Chremes' daughter. It is a good match—
the families are well-matched, the dowry is generous,
and the girl is well brought up.
CHREMES: I agree. But does Pamphilus know of this arrangement?
SIMO: He will do as I say. A son must obey his father.
Act II
Pamphilus confides in his slave Davus. He loves Glycerium
and cannot marry anyone else. But he dare not disobey his father.
PAMPHILUS: Davus, what shall I do? I cannot marry Chremes' daughter—
I love Glycerium with all my heart. But if I refuse my father,
he will disown me.
DAVUS: Leave it to me, master. I will find a way
to prevent this marriage without making your father angry.
Act III
Davus invents a series of lies to delay the wedding.
He tells Simo that Glycerium is about to have Pamphilus's child.
Simo is furious and forbids the marriage with Chremes' daughter—
which is exactly what Davus wanted.
But the plan goes wrong when Chremes discovers the lie
and withdraws his daughter's hand. Now Pamphilus is free
to marry Glycerium—but his father is furious with him.
Act IV
A ring is discovered on Glycerium—a ring that proves she is
the long-lost daughter of Chremes himself, stolen as a child
and raised on Andros. This means she is an Athenian citizen
after all, and Pamphilus can marry her with his father's blessing.
Act V
Simo and Chremes are reconciled. Pamphilus marries Glycerium.
Davus is forgiven for his lies.
SIMO: I was wrong to force my will on my son.
A father should guide, not command. I am happy that my son
has found a good wife—even if the path to this happiness
was not the one I planned.