中文导读
《宦者》是泰伦提乌斯最成功的作品(公元前 161 年),在首演时就获得了元老院破例批准的双重奖赏。剧情围绕一个年轻贵族查利亚(Chaerea)展开:他爱上了奴隶女孩帕梅娜(Pamphila),但无法接近她——因为她被送进了竞争对手泰伊达(Thais)的家中。查利亚发现一个太监被雇来侍奉泰伊达,便偷了太监的衣服混入家中,得以接近帕梅娜。
这个剧情在现代人看来充满问题(伪装身份接近女性),但在罗马喜剧的框架内,它是身份错位(mistaken identity)和社会等级颠覆的经典桥段。泰伦提乌斯的处理比普劳图斯更细腻——查利亚不是纯粹的骗子,而是一个被爱情驱使到不顾一切的年轻人。
该剧在古代被批评"过度借鉴"——从米南德的《宦者》取了主要情节,又从另一部剧里借了"吹牛军人"角色。但泰伦提乌斯的辩护(通过剧中的开场白)是:重要的是作品本身的质量,而不是素材的来源。
本文据公版英译全文收录。
Eunuchus
Prologue
Do not be angry if I have borrowed from other plays.
The important thing is whether the play is good, not whether it is original.
If you enjoy it, that is enough.
Act I
Phaedria is in love with Thais, a courtesan. But Thais has received
a rival gift from a soldier named Thraso—a slave girl named Pamphila.
Thais wants to keep Pamphila because she suspects the girl
is actually a freeborn Athenian citizen, stolen as a child.
PHAEDRIA: Thais, you love me—why do you accept gifts from others?
THAIS: I do love you, Phaedria. But this girl is important to me.
I believe she is my long-lost sister. I must find out the truth.
Act II
Chaerea, Phaedria's younger brother, sees Pamphila and falls
instantly in love. He devises a plan: his brother's slave Parmeno
mentions that a eunuch has been hired to serve Thais. Chaerea
decides to impersonate the eunuch and gain access to the house.
CHEREA: This is my chance! I will dress as the eunuch
and get into Thais's house. Once inside, I will find Pamphila
and declare my love.
PARMENO: This is a terrible plan. You will be caught,
and the consequences will be severe.
CHEREA: I do not care about the consequences.
Love makes all things possible.
Act III
Chaerea, disguised as the eunuch, enters Thais's house.
He is assigned to guard Pamphila. Alone with her, he reveals
his true identity. The scene is played for comedy—
the "eunuch" who is no eunuch at all—but also for genuine
romantic feeling.
Act IV
The deception is discovered. Thraso arrives with his parasites
to reclaim Pamphila by force. But before the conflict can escalate,
a ring is found on Pamphila that proves she is indeed
a freeborn Athenian citizen—the sister of a citizen named Chremes.
This means Chaerea can marry her legitimately.
Act V
Thraso is humiliated. Thais is reconciled with Phaedria.
Chaerea's prank is forgiven, and he is allowed to marry Pamphila.
Parmeno, who helped with the disguise, gets off with a scare.
CHEREA: I know I have behaved badly. But love drove me to it.
And in the end, everything has turned out for the best.