中文导读
《欺骗古鲁菲》（Gylfaginning）是斯诺里·斯图鲁松《散文埃达》的第一部分，也是最广为人知的部分。在这段约 20,000 词的对话体叙事中，瑞典国王古鲁菲化名"欺骗者"（Gangleri）前往阿斯加德，向三位神灵——至高者、同样至高者和第三者——提出一系列关于世界起源、诸神事迹和末日命运的问题。
通过这个问答框架，斯诺里系统地呈现了北欧神话的完整叙事弧线：从虚无（Ginnungagap）中的创世，到尤蒙（Ymir）被杀后天地形成；从世界树（Yggdrasil）的三根巨根，到诸神的日常生活和主要事迹；从巴尔德尔（Baldr）之死的悲剧，到诸神黄昏（Ragnarök）中世界的毁灭与重生。
以下收录 Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur 1916 年公版英译本（The Prose Edda: Translated from the Icelandic with an Introduction，New York: American-Scandinavian Foundation）中《欺骗古鲁菲》的关键段落，涵盖创世、诸神、巴尔德尔之死和诸神黄昏四个核心场景。
创世 / The Creation
In the beginning, before the heaven and the earth and the sea were created, there was a great abyss called Ginnungagap. It was at the world's north that this abyss was, and all that region was full of heavy ice and rime; but the south was lit by the sparks and glowing embers that flew out of Múspellheim.
Just as cold arose out of Niflheim, and all things grim, so what stood facing that region was Múspellheim; and that was warm and bright. But Ginnungagap was as mild as windless air. And when the blast of heat met the rime, so that it melted into drops, then, by the might of him who sent the heat, life was quickened from those drops, and there arose a being called Ymir.
He was called Aurgelmir by the generations that came after; but the Æsir call him Ymir. The next thing: when he slept he sweated. Then there grew under his left hand a man and a woman, and one of his feet begat a son with the other; and thus originated the races of the Frost-Giants.
The next thing: the Rime-Giants were made, and thus it is told: as the frost melted into drops, there was made a cow called Auðumla. Four rivers of milk ran from her teats, and she fed Ymir. She was fed on the rime, and licked the salt blocks. The first day she licked the blocks, there came out of the blocks a man's hair on the first day, the second day a man's head, the third day the whole man. His name was Búri; he was fair of feature, great and mighty. He begat a son called Borr, who married Bestla, daughter of Bölthorn the giant; and they had three sons: Óthin, Vili, and Vé.
Óthin and his brothers slew the giant Ymir. When he fell, so much blood flowed from his wounds that all the Frost-Giants were drowned, except one, Bergelmir, who escaped with his household on a boat. From him are descended the races of the Frost-Giants.
Then they took Ymir and bore him to the midst of the Yawning Void, and of him they made the earth: of his blood the sea and the waters; the land was made of his flesh, and the crags of his bones; gravel and stones they fashioned from his teeth and his grinders and from those bones that were broken. And of the blood that flowed from his wounds they made the sea, and set it round about the earth. Then they took his skull and made thereof the sky, and raised it up over the earth. They set the brain in the sky and made thereof the clouds.
世界树 / Yggdrasil
Then said Gangleri: "Where is the chief abode or holy place of the gods?"
Hárr answered: "It is at the Ash of Yggdrasil; there the gods must hold their courts each day."
Then said Gangleri: "What is to be said concerning that place?"
Then said Jafnhárr: "The Ash is greatest of all trees and best: its limbs spread over all the world and stand above heaven. Three roots of the tree uphold it and stand exceeding broad: one is among the Æsir, another among the Frost-Giants, in that place which was Ymir's home of old; the third stands over Niflheim, and under that root is Hvergelmir, and Níðhöggr gnaws the root from below. Under the root that turns toward the Frost-Giants there is Mímir's Well, wherein wisdom and understanding are stored; and he is called Mímir, who keeps the well. Óthin came thither and asked for a single drink from the well, but he got it not before he laid one of his eyes in pledge."
"The third root of the Ash stands in heaven; and under that root is a well which is exceeding holy, that is called the Well of Urdr; there the gods hold their tribunal. Each day the Æsir ride thither up over Bifröst, which is also called the Æsir's Bridge. The Ash of Yggdrasil suffers hardships more than men know: a hart bites it above, and on its sides it rots, and Níðhöggr gnaws it below."
巴尔德尔之死 / The Death of Baldr
Now Baldr, the son of Óthin, had dreams great and troubling, about his life. When he told these dreams to the Æsir, they took counsel together, and it was decided to ask safety for Baldr from every kind of peril. Frigg took solemn oaths from fire and water, iron and all metals, stones, earth, trees, diseases, beasts, birds, poison, and serpents, that they would not harm Baldr.
And when this had been done and confirmed, it became the sport of the Æsir that Baldr should stand up at their meetings, and all the others should either shoot at him or smite him or cast stones at him. But whatsoever they did, no hurt followed; and that seemed to all a great wonder.
But when Loki, the son of Laufey, saw this, it pleased him not that Baldr was not hurt. So he went to Fensalir, the dwelling of Frigg, in the likeness of a woman. Frigg asked this woman whether she knew what the Æsir were doing at their meeting. The woman said that they were all shooting at Baldr, and that he was not hurt.
Then Frigg said: "Neither weapons nor trees will hurt Baldr; I have taken oaths from them all."
Then the woman asked: "Have all things taken oaths not to hurt Baldr?"
Then Frigg answered: "There grows a tree-sprout alone westward of Valhöll: it is called Mistletoe; I thought it too young to demand the oath of."
Straightway the woman went away. But Loki took Mistletoe and plucked it up and went to the meeting. Höðr stood at the outer edge of the circle of men. Loki said to him: "Why art thou not shooting at Baldr?"
Höðr answered: "Because I do not see where he stands; also I am weaponless."
Then said Loki: "Do like the rest and honor Baldr; I will show thee where he stands; shoot this twig at him."
Höðr took the Mistletoe and shot it at Baldr at Loki's direction. The dart flew through Baldr, and he fell dead to the earth. And this was the most grievous mischance that has ever befallen gods and men.
When the gods were come to themselves, Baldr lay there dead. Óthin took the body of his son and laid it in a ship; and on the funeral pyre they laid Baldr. Nanna, the daughter of Nep, saw this, and her heart broke with grief and died. She was laid on the pyre with Baldr.
When the gods sought to bring Baldr back from Hel, Hela said she would release him if all things in the world, alive and dead, would weep for him. All did weep — all except one: a giantess named Þökk, who was believed to be Loki in disguise. She said: "Þökk will weep dry tears at Baldr's funeral. Neither alive nor dead was he of use to me. Let Hel keep what is hers." So Baldr remained in Hel.
诸神黄昏 / Ragnarök
Then said Gangleri: "What happens when all the world is consumed by fire and all the gods are dead and all the Einherjar and all mankind? Did any man survive?"
Then said Hárr: "Many men survive, and there shall be a mighty and exceeding evil age before the end of the world. There shall come first the Great Winter, which is called Fimbulvetr. Then shall come snow-drifts from all directions; there are then great frosts and keen winds; the sun does no service. There are three such winters together, and no summer between."
"Then shall happen that which will seem a great miracle: the Wolf shall swallow the sun, and men shall think it a great disaster. Then the other Wolf shall seize the moon, and he too shall work great ruin. The stars shall disappear from heaven."
"Then shall come to pass these tidings: the earth and the mountains shall shake, so that the trees shall be torn up from the earth, and the crags fall to ruin; and all fetters and bonds shall be broken and rent. Then shall Fenris-Wolf get loose; then the sea shall gush forth upon the land, because the Midgard Serpent stirs in giant wrath and advances up onto the land. Then that too shall happen, that Naglfar shall be loosed, the ship which is so named. It is made of the nails of dead men; wherefore a warning is desirable, that if a man die with unshorn nails, that man adds much material to the ship Naglfar, which gods and men wish were long in making."
"Then shall Fenris-Wolf advance with gaping mouth, and his lower jaw shall be against the earth, but the upper against heaven; he would gape yet more if there were room for it. Fires blaze forth from his eyes and nostrils. The Midgard Serpent shall blow venom so that he shall sprinkle all the air and water; and he is very terrible and shall be on one side of the Wolf."
"In this din the sky is rent asunder, and the Sons of Múspell ride forth. Surtr rides first, and before him and after him burning fire; his sword is exceedingly good: from it radiance shines brighter than from the sun. The Æsir and all the Einherjar array themselves and advance to the plain which is called Vígríðr. Then advances Óthin with his spear and attacks the Wolf; but Surtr advances against Freyr, and there is a fierce combat, before Freyr falls. The reason for his death is that he lacks the good sword which he gave to Skírnir. Then the Hound Garmr gets loose, which was bound before the Gnípahellir. He is the greatest monster; he fights with Týr, and each kills the other. Then the Wolf swallows Óthin; that is his death. Immediately thereafter Vidarr strides forward and sets one foot on the lower jaw of the Wolf. He has a shoe for that purpose, made of all the scraps of leather that men cut from their shoes. With one hand he seizes the Wolf's upper jaw and tears his gullet asunder. That is the death of the Wolf. Then Loki battles with Heimdallr, and each kills the other. Thereupon Surtr casts fire over the earth and burns up all the world."
"Yet after that, the earth shall shoot forth from the sea, and be green and fair. Then shall the surviving Æsir meet at Iðavöllr, and speak of the mightier Midgard Serpent and of Fenris-Wolf, and call to mind their former wisdom and the runes. Then in the grass they shall find the golden chess-pieces that the Æsir once owned. There shall then be found in the grass the golden tablets that had been in the old days."
"Then there shall be a hall called Brimir, on the place called Ókolnir — that is a hall where there is plenty of good drink. There is also a hall on Nidafjöll called Sindri; it is made of red gold. In these halls shall good men dwell. There is also a great hall on Nástrandir, and its doors face north; it is woven of serpent-backs, like a wattle house; all the venomous serpents blow venom through it, so that rivers of venom run along the hall, in which those who break oaths and murderers wade."
"But in the beginning, when the earth shoots up from the sea, a new sun shall be born, the daughter of the old sun, no less fair than her mother. And Líf and Lífþrasir — a man and a woman who survive by hiding in the wood Hoddmímis-holt — shall become the ancestors of a new race of men."